Intangiriro ku kamaro k'imirire n'ubuvuzi bw'ibihumyo by'umukara

Ibihumyo by'umukara(izina rya siyansi: Auricularia auricula (L.ex Hook.) Underw), izwi kandi nka wood ear, wood moth, Dingyang, tree mushroom, light wood ear, fine wood ear na cloud ear, ni fungus ya saprophytic ikura ku giti cyaboze. Ifungus yirabura ifite ishusho nk'iy'amababi cyangwa hafi nk'iy'ishyamba, ifite impande zizunguruka, nto, ifite ubugari bwa cm 2 kugeza kuri 6, ifite ubugari bwa mm 2, kandi ifatanye n'igiti gito ku ruhande cyangwa urufatiro ruto. Mu ntangiriro, iba yoroshye kandi ivanze, ifata kandi irakomera, hanyuma ikagira cartilaginous gato. Iyo imaze kuma, iragabanuka cyane ikagira umukara, ikomeye kandi yoroshye gushonga kugeza hafi ku ruhu. Inkombe y'inyuma y'inyuma ifite ishusho nk'iy'umuhengeri, ibara ry'umukara w'umuhengeri kugeza ku bururu bwijimye, kandi itwikiriwe n'ubwoya bugufi.

Uduce duto two mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, cyane cyane mu majyaruguru y'Ubushinwa, ni two dutuwemo cyane cyane inyamaswa zo mu gasoziibihumyo by'umukara.Mu turere dushyuha cyane two muri Amerika ya Ruguru na Ositaraliya, ibihumyo by'umukara ntibikunze kuboneka kandi biboneka mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Ositaraliya gusa. Elderberry na oak ni ahantu hakunze kuba ibihumyo by'umukara mu Burayi buri hagati y'ubushyuhe, ariko umubare wabyo ni muto cyane.

Ubushinwa ni umujyi wavukiyemoibihumyo by'umukara. Igihugu cy’Abashinwa cyamenye kandi gitera imbere ibihumyo by’umukara kuva mu gihe cya Shennong mu myaka irenga 4.000 ishize, maze gitangira kubihinga no kubirya. "Igitabo cy’Imihango" kivuga kandi ku ikoreshwa ry’ibihumyo by’umukara mu birori by’ibwami. Dukurikije isesengura rya siyansi rigezweho, ingano ya poroteyine, vitamine n’icyuma mu bihumyo by’umukara byumye ni byinshi cyane. Poroteyine yabyo irimo aside amine zitandukanye, cyane cyane lysine na leucine. Ibihumyo by’umukara si ibiryo gusa, ahubwo bishobora no gukoreshwa nk’umuti gakondo w’Abashinwa. Ni kimwe mu bimera by’ingenzi bigize ibihumyo gakondo by’Abashinwa. Bifite ingaruka nyinshi ku buvuzi nko kongera qi n’amaraso, gutosesha ibihaha no kugabanya inkorora, no guhagarika kuva amaraso.

Ibihumyo by'umukaraihingwa ku giti. Nyuma y’iterambere ryiza ry’ubuhinzi bw’inyongeramusaruro mu mpera z’imyaka ya 1980, guhinga inyongeramusaruro byabaye uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo guhinga ibihumyo by’umukara.

 

Ibihumyo by'umukaraUburyo bwo guhinga Ubuhinzi bw'ibihumyo by'umukara bufite uburyo bunoze cyane, muri bwo ibintu by'ingenzi ni ibi bikurikira:

Guhitamo no kubaka umurima w'amatwi

Mu guhitamo umurima w'amatwi, ibintu by'ingenzi ni umwuka mwiza n'izuba, koroshya amazi no kuhira, no kwirinda kwanduza ibintu. Mu gihe wubaka umurima w'amatwi, ni ngombwa guhitamo insinga z'icyuma zo ku gitanda, zishobora kuzigama ibikoresho fatizo, kunoza umwuka n'urumuri, kandi zishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Gutera amazi mu mazi bikorwa ahanini hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusukura hejuru y'amazi, bigatuma amazi atera neza kandi bikarinda amazi. Ibikoresho byo gutera amazi mu mazi bigomba gutegurwa mbere yuko bubaka umurima.

Ibikoresho byo kuvanga

Ibikoresho byo kuvanga fungus z'umukara ni ukuvanga neza ibintu by'ingenzi, karubone ya calcium n'umutsima w'ingano, hanyuma ugahindura amazi kugeza kuri 50%.

Gushyira mu mashakoshi

Ibikoresho by'umufuka ni ibikoresho bya polyethylene bifite umuvuduko muto, bifite imiterere ya 14.7m × 53cm × 0.05cm. Umufuka ugomba kuba munini bihagije udasa n'aho woroshye, kandi icyarimwe, ukareba ko buri mufuka w'ibikoresho byo gukurura ufite uburemere bwa 1.5kg.

Gutera inshinge

Mbere y'iyi ntambwe, umwenda w'ikiraro cy'imiti ugomba kumanurwa. Hanyuma, witondere gusukura agasanduku k'imiti. Igihe cyo kuyisukura kigomba kugenzurwa mu gihe kirenze iminota 30. Urushinge n'agasanduku k'imiti bigomba gusukurwa no gushyirwa ku zuba, hanyuma bigakurwaho imiti igabanya ubukana no gukaraba na alcool. Imiti ishobora kwinjizwa mu kabendazim inshuro zigera kuri 300 mu gihe cy'iminota 5. Nyuma y'ibyo, ishobora kumanikwa ku zuba. Abakozi bashinzwe kuyisukura bagomba gukaraba intoki zabo n'alcool, hanyuma bakayumutsa mu gasanduku k'imiti.

 

Guhinga ibihumyo

Mu gihe cyo gukuraibihumyo by'umukara, iyi sano ni ingenzi cyane. Gucunga ibihumyo ni ingenzi cyane mu guhinga ibihumyo by'umukara. Ni ukugenzura cyane ubushyuhe mu busitani bw'ubutaka mu buryo bukwiye, ibi bikaba bifitanye isano itaziguye no kubaho kwa mycelium. Kubwibyo, hagomba kwitabwaho cyane, kandi ubushyuhe bugomba kuba bwujuje ibisabwa nyabyo. Ku bijyanye no gushyira mycelium mu mwanya wayo, uduti tw'ibihumyo tugomba gushyirwa mu kirundo "kigororotse" nyuma yo gutera. Kugira ngo haterwe ibihumyo bifite imyobo itatu n'imyobo ine, ni ngombwa kumenya ko inkovu ishyirwa hejuru. Inkovu yo gutera impande zombi igomba kureba impande zombi. Ikirundo gifite uburebure bwa 7. Ku rwego rwo hejuru, witondere uburyo bwo gusiga igicucu ku ruhande rw'aho gutera kugira ngo wirinde amazi y'umuhondo.